Reducing cadmium volatility Premium
A recent news report for the Journal of Engineering described some experimental work that has been carried out in China designed to investigate the behaviour of some heavy metal...
Clinker Chemistry
19 posts · Page 2 of 2
Sulphate in clinker Premium
The amount of sulphate (SO 3 ) varies widely in cement clinker. Arthur Harrisson discusses the sources of SO 3 and its impact on clinker composition. Figure 1: relationship betw...
Bringing on the substitutes Premium
As part of its drive to reduce its CO 2 emissions, Votorantim Cimentos is using a range of clinker substitutes to lower its clinker-to-cement ratio. As a result, around 86 per c...
Alternative fuels and clinker crystal characteristics Premium
Arthur Harrisson examines the effect of alternative fuel use on the characteristics of crystals present in clinker. Figure 1: difference in alite quantity measured by microscopy...
Modifying the Bogue calculation Premium
The Bogue calculation helps cement chemists to allocate the four main oxides in Portland cement clinker to the four main phases present following the pyroprocess in the cement k...
Crystal clusters in clinker Premium
With increasing use of alternative fuels, short homogenisation times in precalciner kiln systems and the requirement for high alite cement, the presence of crystal clusters is n...
Process impact on clinker Premium
The fine microstructure of cement clinker provides a number of clues relating to the state of the process which made it, including the temperature, the chemistry, the fuel type ...
The importance of raw materials Premium
Proper analysis and identification of raw materials are essential to achieving the best clinker in the kiln. All clinkers will have a small degree of unwanted elements, but much...
Microscopy & practice Premium
In this article Arthur Harrisson connects microscopy observations with the practical issues on the cement plant and in the market. He also identifies the benefits which are obta...