Effects of age and type Premium
Limestone, a key element in the cement raw material mix, does not occur as a homogenous body of rock, but can vary widely in age and type across the world. These differences can...
Chemistry
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Dealing with natural variation Premium
The variability in deposition environment and the depth of its location in the quarry mean that limestones show significant variation at different places. For the cement produce...
The importance of raw materials Premium
Proper analysis and identification of raw materials are essential to achieving the best clinker in the kiln. All clinkers will have a small degree of unwanted elements, but much...
Kiln feed and clinker quality Premium
Commissioning a new cement plant generally centres around the performance in terms of tonnes per day, kWh/t, or other operational matters. It is easy to lose sight of the need t...