In terms of activity split, turnover in cement increased by 8.4% to some EUR 1224m, with cement deliveries being 11.5% higher at 16.18Mt and the EBITDA rose by 13.4% to EUR 413m. The concrete and aggregates operations generated a turnover 3.9% higher at €752m but an EBITDA 24.6% lower at EUR62m, with volumes recovering by 11.2% in aggregates to 20.77Mt and by 8.8% to 7.75m m³ in ready-mixed concrete.
The French turnover declined by 1.5% to 832m and the EBITDA fell by 10.9% to EUR184m. In cement, volumes increased by 1.2%, but with unfavourable movements in both average prices and mix, margins suffered. In the rest of Europe, turnover did increase by 6.6% to EUR 318m and the EBITDA advanced by 7.9% to EUR 86m, all thanks to Switzerland.
In the United States turnover dropped by 10.0% to EUR168m, or by 14.3% in US dollar terms, and an EBITDA loss of EUR6m was incurred and the trading loss more than doubled to EUR 37m. Cement volumes fell by 4.6% and the cement turnover by 17.6%, with a negative EBITDA. Prices in the South-East, however, did show signs of recovery in the final quarter. In ready-mixed concrete, turnover fell by a further 12.8%, with prices being marginally higher in the South-East but lower in California, where competitive pressures were the worst.
The Turkish turnover rose by 23.2% to €208m in a strong market and the EBITDA was close to EUR37m as the margin improved from 14.9% to 17.7%. In cement, the turnover rose by 16.1% as volumes grew in double digits, and by in excess of 15% in the final quarter. Turnover in aggregates and concrete rose by 33.2%. In India, a turnover of EUR47.3m was generated by Bharathi Cement during the seven months it was consolidated, but the EBITDA margin was a modest 11% in a southern Indian market that suffers from over-capacity. The new 1.1Mta cement works in Kazakhstan went into production only in December and had no notable affect in the year.